| (.) | Untimed brief pause |
| (n) | Timed pause where “n” indicates the interval measured in seconds Lengthened sound |
| - | Sudden cut off |
| = | The second utterance is latched onto the first one, i.e., no gap between the two utterances |
| .hh | Audible inhalations |
| >word< | Word uttered at a faster pace |
| <word> | Word uttered at a slower pace |
| Word | Stressed word |
| °word° | The word is said softer than the surrounding talk |
| (( )) | Transcriber’s comments |
| (word) | Word in doubt |
| (xxx)/( ) | Inaudible speech |
| [ | The beginning of overlapping |
| ] | The end of overlapping |
| heh | Laughter (Hah is used to represent louder laughter) |